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Her alandaki darlık ve kısırlığın baş sebeplerinden birisi de bütüncü olamayıştır. Tekçi çözümlerin çoğulcu ve kapsamlı yaklaşımlara tercih edilişidir. Bir şahıs, bir ekol veya bir tarzın dışındakileri kabul etmeme ve hatta yok sayma, vahim bir hatadır. Üretici, atılımcı ve yenilikçi olamayışın en önemli sebeplerinden birisi de budur.
Ruhları güzellik ve incelik ateşiyle tutuşturan sanat ise medeniyetin diğer alanlarından daha çok bütüncülüğü çağırır ve hatta emreder. Sanat, tekçiliği tiksintiyle reddeder; bütünü ve mükemmeliyeti ifade etmeye çalışır, çalışmasının neticesi de tamlık ve bütünlük arz eder. Zaman ve olayların akışı, fıtrattaki yenilik hassasının işleyişi sonucunda kurulan ekoller de kendi içlerinde bir bütünlük ve tamlık oluşturur. Ekoller, etkilendiği ve belki de ders aldığı öncüllerden farklı olan, mükemmeliyete kendi anlayış ve gücü ile erişmiş; temelleri ve hudutları, seçip içeri aldıkları, beğenmeyip dışarıda bıraktıkları belli olan bütünlerdir. Bağlı oldukları sanatın tarihi akışı içinde kıyas ve değerlendirilmeye tabi tutulan birimlerdir. Lakin o sanatın genel ve tarihi bütününü tek başlarına ifade edemezler; mükemmeliyet gücünün derecesi ne kadar büyük olursa olsun, yeniliğe ve atılıma da engel teşkil edemezler.
Konunun daha iyi anlaşılması için bir adım daha atalım: Ülkemizde tezhiple uğraşan bir kısım çevrelerin 16.yy Osmanlı Tezhip Ekolü‘nden başka süsleme tarzı tanımadıklarını görürüz. “16. yy. olgunluk devridir; bu devirde zaaf ve düşkünlük yoktur, bu çağ bir altın ölçüler çağıdır vs.” derler. Evet, hakikaten 16.yy İslam medeniyetinin son parlayış dönemi olmuştur ve bu devirde hemen her alanda büyük atılım ve başarılar kaydetmişizdir; fakat bu dönemini temelini araştırdığımızda bin yıllık İslam tarihini, beş yüz yıllık Anadolu ve Ortadoğu maceramızı buluruz. Konumuz dolayısıyla tezhibe ağırlık verirsek şu sonuca varırız ki Bağdad, Şam, Semerkand, Herat ve Tebriz tezhip ekollerini bilmeden, iyice araştırıp incelemeden sonraki dönemleri ve bilhassa 16.yy Osmanlı tezhibini de anlayamayız. Neden mi? Bir örnek verelim: Bursa’daki Yeşil Camii’nin mihrabının sağında “amel-i üstadan-ı tebrîz (Tebriz Üstatlarının İşi)” ibaresi vardır. Bundan da anlaşılıyor ki Osmanlı tezhibinin ustası Tebriz ekolüdür; bu ekol yazıyla süslemeyi ustalıkla birleştiren ve kaynaştıran bir ekoldür. Fatih Sultan Mehmed zamanında bile bu ekolün büyük etkisi vardır. Osmanlı klasik tezhibi ondan sonra şekillenmeye ve kıvam almaya başlamıştır.
Sadece 16. yüzyıla bakarak o devir hakkında tam bir kanaate sahip olamayacağımız gibi yalnızca İslam sanatlarına bakarak da yeni bir atılıma imza atamayız. Çin ve Hind medeniyetlerine bu gözle baksak; eski Yunan ve Latin, Barok ve Rokoko sanatlarını derinlemesine incelesek zararlı mı çıkarız?
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Birçok sergide bir atılıma dayanak olabilecek birçok yenilikçi eserler sergilenmeye başlanmıştır. Bu da sevindiricidir. Bunların sayısının artmasını, bir kıvama ulaşıp yeni bir tarz ve ekol oluşturmasını temenni ederim. Hatt ve tezhip sanatındaki atılımlar, medeniyetimizin sanat alanında kendini yeniden üretebildiğini gösterir ki bu da gerçekten önemli ve değerlidir.
*Haydar Murad Hepsev’in bu yazısı, Yeni Şafak Gazetesi’nde (10 Ağustos 1995) ve Yüce Devlet Dergisi’nde (1 Kasım 1995, 4. sayı, s.11) yayınlanmış; ilk defa 25 Kasım 2007 ’de yucedevlet.com’a eklenmiş, (Aralık 2011′de sitemiz yeniden yapılandırılmadan önce) 879 kere okunmuştur.
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